Chonshikwa had the nature of giving a consideration and did not give land itself. It granted only the so-called tax collection right. By comparison the GONGEUMJEON had a strong nature of private control as it was given to meritorious retainers of the nation. Transmission from generation to generation was also permitted. As a policy to protect the social status of government officials with the Umso system, this became the economic foundation of nobles.

      MINJEON, the land owned by civilians out of the Chonshikwa system, existed extensively. Farmers called BAEKJEONG cultivated the land inherited from generation to generation for their livelihood. They could sell or buy land as private property. Farmers tried to expand MINJEON, with land reclamation and buying. Most of the land was composed of MINJEON, the private property of farmers. Despite the strong concept that all land belonged to the nation and tax collection from private land, we must note that in actuality the nature of private ownership was evident. As a matter of fact private control was rather strong.

      Since it was an agricultural country collection was carried out using land as medium. Farmers' burdens composed of taxes, tributes and labor, and they were major national revenue. Taxes were collected through land. A specified rate of tax was collected from the people who owned land.

      In particular, influential families came to possess vast firms developed from private land. Irrespective of rank one had to live in poverty if he had no inherited property.